Connected Vehicle Technologies and AI-Based Road Safety Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Road traffic accident is still a great concern because of increasing number of vehicles and human error and complex traffic condition. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology that has shown promise in enhancing road safety by enabling intelligent monitoring, automated decision-making, and predictive analysis. This study covers the basics of connected and autonomous vehicles, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications and the main technologies for intelligent transportation systems. It also explores the main factors that contribute to road traffic accidents and the 5 pillars of road safety management. In addition, the latest research in the fields related to accident prediction, collision avoidance, driver behavior monitoring, traffic management, and communication systems are critically reviewed and compared. While the literature contains some successful results, the analysis reveals that most of the work is done on single applications, with scalability and interoperability issues, as well as communication delay and real-world application. The paper concludes by outlining key research gaps and highlights the need for future smart transportation systems to be integrated, intelligent, reliable, and efficient due to AI-driven connected vehicles.